The Nobel Prize in Physics goes to study in Quantum Physics – 10/04/2022 – Science

a Nobel prize From Physics 2022 it was awarded to three winners: Alan Aspect, John F. Closer and Anton Zeilinger. Awarded for his research in Quantum physics.

The studies developed by the three researchers involved experiments with entangled photons. The result opens new horizons for techniques based on quantum physics and also opens up new theoretical possibilities in the field of study.

Quantum physics is the area devoted to the study of the tiny particles that make up the universe and the interactions that occur between them. An important concept for this scientific field is the state of entanglement. The idea is that when something happens to one particle, this phenomenon will also happen to other particles in that entangled pair, even if they are very far from each other.

The comparison might be to a machine that throws black and white balls in opposite directions. A person on one side receives a white ball and then concludes that the ball from the opposite position was black.

When this situation is analyzed from the perspective of quantum physics, the explanation becomes somewhat more complicated. The balls will be particles and they will be in an entangled pair because when one receives one, it can actually determine the state – in this case, the color – of the other.

However, for quantum physics, the property of these balls before they are thrown would actually be grey. Only when one person realizes that the received ball is black, will the other change color, becoming white.

Aspect, Clauser and Zeilinger’s research is part of this complex area of ​​investigation of the state of entangled particles. It complements and challenges the concept of mathematical inequality, proposed by physicist John Stuart Bell.

In addition to the new discoveries, the research of all three has been recognized by Nobel for its potential to create practical applications for quantum physics.

“It is becoming increasingly clear that a new type of quantum technology is emerging,” said Anders Airbach, Chairman of the Board of Directors. “We can see that the prize winners’ work with entangled states is of great interest, even beyond basic questions about the interpretation of quantum mechanics.” Nobel Committee for Physics.

Alain Aspect was born in 1947 in Agen, France. In 1983 he received his doctorate from the University of Paris-Sud, France. He is currently a professor at the University of Paris-Saclay and the Polytechnic College, both in France.

John F. American Closer. He was born in 1942 in Pasadena, California. He received his Ph.D. from Columbia University, a prestigious university in New York. He now works as a research physicist at JF Clauser and Associates.

Finally, Anton Zeilinger was born in 1945 in Austria. He studied for his Ph.D. at the University of Vienna and is currently a professor at the same academic centre.

In addition to being recognized for awarding the Nobel Prize, the winners will receive 10 million Swedish kronor (about 4.8 million Brazilian reals). The award also consists of a diploma and a medal.

Since 1901, 115 Nobel Prizes in Physics have been awarded to 218 people. between these, Only four women.

a Awards start It was due to the death of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), the inventor of dynamite and responsible for the development of rubber and synthetic leather. The scientist registered a total of 355 patents during his lifetime.

In his last will, dated 1895, Nobel recorded that his fortune should be used to build a prize – which his family had received with disapproval. Six years later, finally, the Nobel’s wish was fulfilled and the first prize was awarded.

In addition to physics, this honor is awarded in five other categories: chemistry, medicine or physiology, literaturePeace and economy.

This Monday (3), a party Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It was given to Swedish researcher Svante Papu, 67, to unravel the genome extinct homininsi.e. missing members in Primate group to which humans belong.

Nominations and selection of honorees

The evaluation process for the Nobel Prize in Physics begins in September of the year prior to the award. The first step consists of sending approximately 3,000 invitations to indicate names that can be recognized through the tribute. Guests cannot nominate themselves.

These invitations are addressed to members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, members of the Nobel Committee in Physics, Nobel Laureates in Physics, professors of physics at universities and institutes of technology in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm and other scholars you see The Academy is suitable for receiving invitations.

The Foundation also invites professors from at least six universities around the world. Invitations are usually extended to more academic centers in order to ensure an appropriate distribution of nominations across continents and fields of study.

Next, there is an analysis of the hundreds of names mentioned with the application of processes, such as developing reports, to narrow the selection. Finally, in October, the Academy decides, by a majority vote, who will receive the recognition.