Nobel Prize: 5 people awarded twice | Sciences

Hitting him is a feat. The process is complex: candidates are nominated by select committees and there is a lot of precaution during the decision-making stages, which take several months.

So it’s surprising to find that someone can go through all these steps and win a Nobel Prize more than once – but it did.

The most recent case occurred this week, when American Barry Sharpless was announced to have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his contribution to orthogonal biochemistry and so-called group chemistry. Sharpless first received the award in 2001.

Here we briefly tell the stories of five scientists who have won the Nobel Prize twice.

The only woman on the list, Marie Curie was the first person to receive two Nobel Prizes and the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize.

In 1903, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics with Antoine-Henri Becquerel and Pierre Curie for her investigations into radiation. Eight years later, in 1911, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and study of the elements radium and polonium.

Corey was born in Poland, but spent her academic life in France. Her husband, Pierre Curie, and her daughter, Irene, also won the Nobel Prize.

Bardeen was an American physicist and engineer who worked at the University of Illinois. He is the only scientist to twice win the Nobel Prize in Physics.

The first was won in 1956, along with William B.

The second Nobel Prize came 16 years later, in 1972, along with Leon Neal Cooper and John Robert Shriver, for developing the quantum theory of superconductivity, also known as BCS.

Bardeen died in 1991 at the age of 83.

American chemist and activist Linus Carl Pauling won the Nobel Prize in two different categories.

He was first in chemistry in 1954 for his research on chemical bonds. Pauling was a pioneer in using quantum mechanics to understand and describe how atoms join together to make molecules.

The second was the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize for the war against the nuclear arms race between East and West. The American was officially awarded this award the following year, 1963.

Pauling died nearly two decades later, at the age of 93.

Sanger was an English biochemist who studied at the University of Cambridge.

In 1958, he was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the structure of proteins, particularly the protein insulin.

Twenty-one years later, in 1980, he won his second Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with Paul Berg and Walter Gilbert, for developing the DNA sequencing technology still in use today.

Sanger passed away in 2013 at the age of 95.

Carl Barry Sharpless, 81, an American chemist who developed his work using a “creative” approach to science, came up with “click chemistry.”

Sharpless, who is currently a professor at the Scripps Institute, has built his work on theorizing and implementing methods for how molecules relate to each other. He himself called this process “click chemistry”, in which one molecule, through a catalytic process, can bind to another. It is about the intersection of elements that were previously very difficult to unite.

The scientist was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this theory. This year, he won the prize again because separate groups of scientists – one led by Sharpless himself – were able to prove the effectiveness of the proposed theory 21 years ago.

In this way, he became the second scientist, along with Frederick Sanger, to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice.

– This text was published in https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/geral-63210243