The Bold Theory ‘Against the Universe’ Where Time Goes Back

This hypothesis, as complicated as it may sound, is an attempt by its authors to explain in a simpler and “economical” way, many of the mysteries of the universe – among them, the mysterious dark matter.

There are two basic concepts to understanding the idea of ​​an “anti-universe”.

The first relates to the Standard Model of particle physics, a theory that describes the fundamental particles that make up the universe and the forces that cause them to interact with each other.

According to this Standard Model, whenever a particle appears, so does its antimatter counterpart – an identical particle with a different charge. This means that during the Big Bang, the same amount of matter and antimatter was produced.

The second concept is symmetry.

In cosmology, this principle indicates that any physical process remains the same, even if time goes back, space is reversed, or if particles are replaced by antiparticles.

Based on these two principles, an analogy that can be made is that, just as the universe exists, one would expect there to be an “anti-universe” symmetric to what we know.

In a recent study by the Canadian Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, the authors analyzed a type of symmetry called CPT (the initials charge, valence, and time).

This symmetry indicates that if you reverse the charges, the image and the particle interaction time, this interaction will behave in the same way.

Therefore, this symmetry that applies to particles, according to the study authors, can also be applied to the universe as a whole, opening up the possibility of a symmetric universe.

The authors of the paper wrote: “The Universe in its CPT Symmetric Group.”

Under this hypothesis, the Big Bang is the starting point from which the universe and its mirror image (in the mirror) arose.

“We propose that the universe before the Big Bang is the ‘anti-universe’ of the universe after the Big Bang,” the authors say.

Latham Boyle, one of the study’s co-authors, cautioned that he was not sure about the “anti-universe” hypothesis and that his proposals should be validated empirically. But he thinks his calculations give him some clues.

“So far, we think the anti-universe is a true inverted image that reverses over time, with particle and antiparticle exchanges,” Boyle told BBC Mundo (BBC Spanish Service).

According to this view, this “anti-universe” is not an independent universe, but merely a reflection of our own.

“We have ‘enemy’ in the other universe, but it’s not independent,” Boyle says.

“If you choose to eat eggs for breakfast, your anti-variety version can’t choose to eat bacon for breakfast. If you eat eggs for breakfast, you will have anti-egg for breakfast,” he adds.

As Boyle and colleagues suggested, the Big Bang is like a mirror that reflects not only the image, but also the direction of time.

On both sides of the universe, time moves away from the Big Bang – on one side, the arrow of time goes to the right, and on the other, to the left.

“Every aspect of the universe thinks it’s perfectly normal,” Boyle says. “They both think their time is going forward. From our point of view, in anti-universe time, we go backwards, but for them we are the ones going backwards.”

Boyle’s idea contains another possibility: perhaps we who are in the “anti-universe” do not know it.

And another question you might ask yourself: Is it possible to travel to this “anti-universe”?

“We can’t cross over to the other side of the mirror,” Boyle says. “Therefore, it should be possible to travel to the past.”

This means that you will have to travel through spacetime, go through the Big Bang singularity and come out on the other side.

But beyond these sci-fi ideas, Boyle and colleagues’ work also suggests solutions to more practical problems in physics and cosmology.

His proposal offers challenging insights into three basic concepts of cosmology: dark matter, post-Big Bang inflation, and gravitational waves.

Dark matter is a mysterious element that makes up 25% of the universe, but until now no one has been able to notice what it is or what it is made of.

However, dark matter can be observed due to the gravitational effect it exerts on the universe.

For years, scientists have proposed various theories to explain what this dark matter is, but no one has a convincing answer.

Some possible answers suggest that it is made of a particle that we don’t know yet, i.e. outside the Standard Model.

However, Boyle’s study provides a “more economical” answer to this puzzle.

His suggestion is that to explain dark matter, it is not necessary to imagine new particles.

Instead, Boyle thinks the answer may be that dark matter is made up of “right-handed neutrinos,” a variety of neutrinos that aren’t part of the Standard Model.

“Right neutrinos” have yet to be proven, but according to Boyle, many scientists agree that they could be part of the Standard Model.

In this way, Boyle spares himself the effort to speculate on new particles and find the answer in the laws of physics we already know.

So far, known neutrinos are “left-handed,” referring to the direction in which they are spinning. But in a symmetric universe, one would expect that there would also be a right-handed neutrino, that is, an antineutrino, according to astrophysicist Paul Sutter, in an article on the Living Science Portal where he reviews Boyle’s study.

These right-handed neutrinos would be nearly invisible and their presence could only be detected by gravity.

“The invisible particle that penetrates the universe and interacts only through gravity is very similar to dark matter,” explains Sutter.

Joseph Formaggio, a physicist who researches the role of neutrinos in cosmology, says he finds Boyle’s proposal to explain dark matter intriguing.

“I love the simple model,” Formaggio, who was not involved in the investigation, told BBC Mundo.

“Usually in particle physics you can explain a lot of phenomena by introducing new particles, interactions and fields, so it’s easy to get lost.”

“But this research takes another approach, they don’t add anything beyond what we’ve already observed,” concludes Formaggio, who directs the Department of Nuclear and Experimental Particle Physics at MIT.

Formaggio notes that the idea of ​​right-handed neutrinos is very common, although it is not known if they exist.

“It’s a new particle, but it’s not really,” he says with a laugh.

Finally, the study raises doubts about the existence of cosmic inflation and primordial gravitational waves, which, according to the Big Bang theory, would give rise to the universe.

Boyle’s model questions whether there was a period of rapid expansion of the universe after the Big Bang, a concept known as inflation.

This inflation, in turn, may have created primordial gravitational waves, which are ripples that travel in the fabric of space-time, like ripples from a stone being thrown into a lake.

Boyle’s proposal asserts that matter in the universe, rather than inflation, is expanding with less force, without the need for an “inflammatory age”.

Therefore, according to this model, if there was no inflation, then there would also be no primitive gravitational waves.

In 2015, gravitational waves were detected for the first time. However, Boyle cautions that these correspond to post-Big Bang events, so they are not primordial gravitational waves.

Have you seen our new videos on Youtube? Subscribe to our channel!